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Hyperthyroidism, the overproduction of thyroid hormones, is not uncommon in older cats. In fact, it is the most common endocrine problem in cats. Environmental, nutritional, and immunological factors are thought to contribute to the development of tumors that stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete too much thyroid hormone.
Although symptoms of an overactive thyroid vary from cat to cat, some are common. The majority of hyperthyroid cats will lose weight despite an increased appetite, and many will exhibit heart murmurs or increased heart rates.
Other common symptoms include vomiting, excessive thirst and urination, which can also indicate diabetes, and increased activity. However, initial diagnosis can be complicated as some cats have reduced appetites and become less active as they age.
In some cases, an affected cat may experience diarrhea or breathing problems. Blood tests that determine hormone levels are necessary to accurately diagnose hyperthyroidism. Once diagnosed, the disease can usually be controlled with medication, radioiodine therapy, or surgery.
Like most predators, your cat has anal glands, or anal sacs, embedded in its anal sphincter. When the animal defecates or becomes alarmed or agitated, the glands secrete a stinging fluid that identifies the individual animal.
In fact, it is the presence of this liquid that makes one animal’s droppings so interesting to other animals. Healthy anal glands are expressed or emptied every time your cat has a bowel movement. However, anal glands can retain fluid if they become compromised or blocked, infected, or injured, which can cause your cat discomfort, pain, and in some cases, more serious complications.
If you notice your cat licking or biting her anus excessively, or rubbing her butt on the floor, or if she develops a foul smell, she needs veterinary attention. Treatment usually involves squeezing the glands manually, a simple procedure. In chronic cases, the glands can be removed.
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